Offence, Germany
Club football at Borussia Dortmund.
Sourced facts, dated and on the record. Squad membership, and his club when a source names one. Nothing invented; we don’t make players up.
At a glance
age
23
sourced with the squad
position
Offence
Germany
club
Borussia Dortmund
football-data.org
club tier
1835
ClubElo strength
our board
#149
of 1424 rated players
folded so far
1825′
34 appearances
transfer market value (EUR millions), as a rank among peers
40.00
99th percentile of peers
Sourced
- squad
- Germany · Offencefootball-data.org · 2026-06-29
- club
- Borussia Dortmundfootball-data.org · 2026-06-29
Sourced context, nothing more. It never touches a call.
Our rating · the working
the board →1922 ±45
his quality rating: club, age and measured output. The board orders by this plus his World Cup form, less a discount for how much we can measure him.
How the number is builtopenclose
1968 full roster Elo (+45 from national-team results)
the ± is how settled the number is, more minutes, tighter band
Tier 2, lineups + results, how rich the evidence is, not just how much
potential ~1978 ±46 a projection, not a measurement: room left on the offence age curve
Where he starts (his team’s strength, we refuse to invent what we haven’t measured) plus two fixed nudges make the quality rating above; the last line is what national-team results have added since, taking it to his full roster Elo.
- starts at Germany's strengththe fair club-over-national anchor, every player's starting point
- 1882
- age curve at 23 (offences' curve)measured from the open archive by our own study (defenders: the published literature's shape), never fitted to our calls
- -14
- transfer market value, a sourced market-consensus quality prior (the stronger reading for him here)his percentile among minutes-qualified peers, from club seasons
- +55
- quality rating · club, age + measured output
- 1922
- form: national-team results, 34 appearances1825 minutes, weighted by margin, surprise and his match stats, but shared across the XI
- +45
- full roster Elo · with results
- 1968
Where the +55 skill term comes from
Not a reputation, a measurement. We score every shot in the data ourselves and rank him among minutes-qualified peers; a fixed arithmetic turns that rank into points.
- measured
- 40.00 transfer market value (EUR millions), as a rank among peers
- his rank
- 99th percentile of qualified peers
- scored from
- the CC0 Transfermarkt community mirror; a market-consensus quality prior, taken at a capped weight where it reads a player higher than our (fixed, partial) shot/event data can
- the arithmetic
- 46 pts/σ × z(99.1th) = 46 × 2.37 × 0.5 (position weight) = +55
A forward-only shadow signal, as of 2026-06-25. The skill term comes from our own xG models over the open archive; the rest is earned, recorded per appearance, auditable, never back-filled. It never moves a live call.
The notebook
The lines a beat writer keeps, except every one of ours is read off the ledger above, auditable to the night. Nothing invented.
standing
#149 of 1424 rated players on our board.
vs his seed
The folded nights have added +45 to the number he seeded with, he has outplayed his own prior.
What he’d cost · our estimate
€13m–€51m ≈ €26m
Not a figure from any valuation site; we don’t republish those. Our own model: the level he plays at, what we’ve measured of him, his age and his role. A band, not a point: we can’t see contract length or release clauses, the two biggest real drivers, so we say so.
The workingopenclose
- reference feea mid-tier-club, peak-age forward of average measured skill
- €8m
- club tier 1835the level he plays at, the strongest signal of what a club pays
- ×3.24
- ageage 23, the resale premium a club pays for the years to come
- ×1.07
- attacker fee factorstrikers set the market's top; midfield runs close; defence and goal at the record books' discounts
- ×1.00
- individual skillour xG model has no confident read on him, priced on club, age and role only, so the band is wide
- ×1.00
- our estimate
- ≈ €26m
fee-model v3 priors (panel-anchored, 2026-06), calibrated against our reported fees. The band is roughly two-in-three likely; contract length and release clauses are data we don’t hold. Context only, it never touches a call.
The fee record · sourced
The market’s last public word: €30m (2024-08). Our estimate today: ≈ €26m. The gap is evidence, many of them, together, recalibrate our model; no single one rewrites him.
- 2024-08-121899 Hoffenheim → Borussia Dortmund€30m
- 2023-07-01Hannover 96 → 1899 Hoffenheimundisclosed
- 2021-08-191899 Hoffenheim → Hannover 96loan
Reported moves, dated and attributed (api-football.com), news facts, not a valuation site’s estimates. It never touches a call.
In our coverage · Germany’s record
- v ParaguaySealed
- at Ecuador2–1Missed it
- v Ivory Coast2–1Called it
- v Curaçao7–1Called it
The newsroom’s calls on Germany. Team-level, never dressed up as a player stat.
Squad · sourced
- Aleksandar Pavlović
- Alexander Nübel
- Angelo Stiller
- Antonio Rüdiger
- Assan Ouédraogo
- David Raum
- Deniz Undav
- Felix Kalu Nmecha
- Florian Wirtz
- Jamal Musiala
- Jamie Leweling
- Jonathan Tah
- Joshua Kimmich
- Kai Havertz
- Leon Goretzka
- Leroy Sané
- Malick Thiaw
- Manuel Neuer
- Nadiem Amiri
- Nathaniel Brown
- Nick Woltemade
- Nico Schlotterbeck
- Oliver Baumann
- Pascal Groß
- Waldemar Anton